Informed choices matter, so understanding the real causes of deforestation can help businesses make more sustainable decisions – and realise that responsibly sourced paper is part of the solution, not the problem.
what is deforestation?
Deforestation is the permanent conversion of forested land to other uses such as agriculture, infrastructure, mining, or urban development. Unlike temporary forest loss caused by storms, pests, or fires, deforestation results in long-term damage to forest ecosystems, biodiversity, and carbon storage.
the main causes of global deforestation
Globally, agriculture is the leading cause of deforestation, responsible for around 80% of forest loss. Vast areas of forest have been cleared to create space for cattle ranching and commodity crops such as soy, palm oil, and cocoa. Other major contributors include illegal logging, road and housing construction, and extractive industries such as mining.
top 5 causes of global deforestation
- Agriculture – clearing for crops like cocoa, soy, and palm oil
- Cattle ranching
- Logging for fuel, timber, and furniture
- Infrastructure development
- Mining and extractive industries
Deforestation is most concentrated in the Amazon and Congo Basins, and in Southeast Asia. While countries like Indonesia and Malaysia have reduced primary forest loss through stricter regulations and corporate “no-deforestation” commitments, forest degradation continues in many regions. In South America, deforestation rates vary by country, with large-scale cattle ranching driving most forest clearing in Brazil, while smallholder agriculture plays a role elsewhere.
climate change and forest degradation
Climate change is compounding the impact of human activity. Rising temperatures, prolonged droughts, pest outbreaks, and more frequent wildfires are pushing many forests beyond their natural ability to recover, accelerating the loss.
does paper production cause deforestation?
Despite common perceptions, paper production is not a major driver of deforestation – particularly in Europe. Most paper is made from wood sourced from responsibly managed plantations and recycled paper. Over 90% of the European paper industry’s wood fibre is sourced within Europe, where forest area and volume continue to grow.
Europe’s forests now cover around 40% of the continent and are expanding by more than they are harvested each year. Forest certification schemes such as FSC® and PEFC™ ensure responsible forest management, protect biodiversity, and provide full traceability of wood fibres throughout the supply chain.
paper, recycling, and the circular economy
Paper is also one of the most recycled materials in the world and plays a key role in the circular economy. In Europe, paper fibres are reused an average of four times, with more than half of the raw material used in paper production coming from recycled paper. High recycling rates are reducing pressure on forests and supporting sustainable production cycles, so the actions we take to recycle are key.
making informed sustainability choices
Deforestation is a serious global issue that will be addressed through better land-use policies, legislation, and responsible supply chains. From 2026, the EU Deforestation-free Regulation (EUDR) will further ensure that products placed on the EU market do not contribute to deforestation.
Choosing not to print does not automatically reduce deforestation, but choosing responsibly sourced, certified, and recyclable paper can make a positive difference. When used thoughtfully, print remains a sustainable, effective, and environmentally responsible choice. You can find out more about the sustainable attributes of print and paper at twosides.info.
So what are you waiting for? Get in touch on 01865 242098 or via the button below to discuss your next printing project.